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Cause and origin, extent of damage and expert witness for property claims

For carriers, independent adjusters and restoration contractors. Sheldon Gibbs, P.E., has investigated hurricane, wind, water, fire and settlement losses for more than 13 years, with findings written for the claim file and defended in court when a claim is disputed.

Shingle damage documented for a roof claim
Shingle damage documented for a roof claim
Water staining at roof sheathing, traced to its source
Water staining at roof sheathing, traced to its source
Subfloor deterioration from long-term moisture
Subfloor deterioration from long-term moisture

Cause and origin

What caused the damage, and when. An objective engineering opinion on whether observed damage results from the reported event or from age, wear, deterioration, construction defects or prior conditions.

  • Hurricane, wind and storm surge
  • Water intrusion: sudden event versus long-term leakage
  • Foundation movement and settlement
  • Roof, envelope, window and door failures

Extent of damage

What was damaged, how badly, and what the repair requires. A defined, documented scope that adjusters, contractors and owners can price and build from.

  • Structural, envelope and interior damage mapping
  • Repair versus replace determinations
  • Fire-damaged structure assessments
  • Engineering review of repair scopes and estimates

Expert witness

When a claim is disputed, the engineer who inspected the loss explains the findings. Appraisal, mediation, deposition and trial support.

  • Expert reports and rebuttal of opposing engineers
  • Appraisal and umpire support
  • Deposition and trial testimony in Florida courts

Expert witness services

For restoration contractors

Engineering answers before demolition and sealed documentation after. Get the scope right the first time and keep the carrier, the building official and the owner aligned.

  • Extent of damage assessments before demo or rebuild
  • Engineer-sealed repair letters for permit and claim file
  • Shoring and stabilization direction
  • Post-repair certification letters

How an assignment works

Assignments accepted from carriers, independent adjusting firms, third-party administrators, restoration contractors, property owners and counsel, across Florida's east coast from Nassau to Brevard County and statewide, including after major storms.

  1. Assignment and document review

    Claim details, date of loss, prior reports and photographs, reviewed before the site visit.

  2. Principal-led site inspection

    Sheldon inspects every property personally, documenting conditions with photographs and measurements.

  3. Analysis

    Observed damage compared against the reported event, weather data, building age and construction.

  4. Sealed report

    Cause and origin opinion, extent of damage and repair recommendations in a clear, defensible format.

  5. Follow-through

    Answers for the adjuster, contractor or counsel, and testimony if the claim is contested.

Questions adjusters and contractors ask

What is the difference between cause and origin and extent of damage?

Cause and origin answers what caused the damage and where it started, such as wind, water intrusion, settlement or deterioration. Extent of damage answers what was damaged, how badly, and what the repair requires. Most claims need both, and we document both in one sealed report.

Can you separate storm damage from wear or pre-existing conditions?

Yes. That is the core of a cause and origin investigation. We compare the observed damage with the reported event, weather data, building age and construction to give an objective opinion.

Do you work for carriers or for policyholders?

Both. We are engaged by carriers, independent adjusters, restoration contractors, owners and counsel. The opinion follows the evidence, not the party who engaged us.

Does a restoration contractor need a sealed engineering letter?

Often, yes. Building departments and carriers frequently require an engineer's assessment or sealed repair letter for structural repairs after a loss. We provide the assessment, the repair direction and a post-repair certification letter when the work is complete.

What areas do you cover?

Jacksonville and Florida's east coast from Fernandina Beach to Palm Bay, covering Duval, Nassau, Baker, Clay, St. Johns, Flagler, Volusia and Brevard Counties, with cause and origin and expert witness assignments statewide.

Have a loss that needs an engineer?

Send the claim number, date of loss and property address. Sheldon will confirm availability, usually within one business day.